The article presents the formulation of the problem of selecting a rational set of measures to reduce risks of emergency situations (ES) at fuel and energy complex (FEC) facilities. A mathematical optimization model is developed that integrates probabilistic, economic, and entropy-based criteria. A numerical experiment is conducted to validate the algorithm and demonstrate its practical applicability to FEC facilities. The relevance of considering informational uncertainty in the analysis of rare but catastrophic ES scenarios is substantiated, with an entropy criterion incorporated into the model. An optimization algorithm is proposed, accounting for constraints on budget, number of implemented measures, acceptable residual risk level, and system uncertainty. In the demonstration example with a single scenario the algorithm’s performance was analyzed, and the model’s correctness was confirmed. It was established that entropy integration is essential for multi-scenario problems that are promising for practical application. The results obtained can be used to enhance the substantiation and adaptability of decision-making in industrial safety management systems for FEC facilities under conditions of high uncertainty and limited resources. The work is aimed at integration into project-based risk management processes for emergencies at the industrial facility level and can serve as a foundation for developing intelligent decision-support tools.
Safety in emergency situations
The article discusses approaches to the formation of an analytical type of the indicator of the protection of hazardous production facilities from mudflows, as well as factors affecting its value. The analysis of physical, man-made, organizational, managerial and economic aspects determining the risk level is presented. A model of the integral indicator is proposed, including the parameters of engineering and organizational protection, the likelihood of mudflow processes and the influence of anthropogenic factors. Special priority is given to analyzing and accounting of previously undetected dangerous circumstances, allowing for a more accurate final assessment. The results can be used for comparative analysis of facilities and decision-making on priority financing of anti-settlement activities. The proposed approach is aimed at improving the accuracy of forecasts, optimizing resource allocation and reducing potential damage, which will help to increase the readiness of facility management bodies to respond to emergencies in the form of mudslides. The substantiation of the analytical type of the integral indicator of the protection of hazardous production facilities from the damaging factors of mudflows accumulating many heterogeneous parameters is developed and presented. The research is based on a systematic analysis and synthesis of existing approaches to risk assessment. The method of functional modeling is used as the basis for the formation of the indicator.
Its application is conditioned by the need to take into account four key groups of factors in a comprehensive manner: physical and geographical, man-made, organizational and managerial, and economic. At the same time, the effectiveness of engineering, technical, organizational and managerial measures is separately assessed within the economic group, and the model also integrates variables such as the likelihood of a mudflow event and the degree of impact of anthropogenic activity.
This article presents the results of testing a prototype of a mobile vehicle designed to localize oil and oil products spills at onshore facilities for their production, transportation, transshipment, storage and processing. The work was carried out in the development of previous theoretical studies, in which the design and geometric parameters of the mobile means of oil and oil product spill containment were substantiated, as well as the main factors affecting the stability of its structure under the influence of a distributed load equivalent to the pressure of the oil and oil products layer were determined. The purpose of the tests was to obtain experimental data necessary to assess the stability of the mobile localization device structure on various types of the underlying surface. A comparison of the behavior of the structure when changing the distributed load and the characteristics of the underlying surface is carried out, dependencies reflecting the general patterns of interaction of the mobile means of localization with the underlying surface are determined. The data obtained allow us to consider the test results as a basis for further refinement of calculation models, improvement of design solutions and development of practical recommendations for the use of mobile means in the localization and elimination of the consequences of emergency spills of oil and petroleum products in various natural disasters and man-made accidents at industrial, transport and infrastructure facilities.
The article is devoted to the development of a multiparametric model for optimizing waste recycling strategy and organizing monitoring at industrial facilities under budget constraints. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to reduce man-made risks while simultaneously limiting financial, technical, and organizational resources, which necessitates the search for rational solutions in the field of industrial and environmental safety. The paper notes that the traditional separate implementation of waste recycling measures and process monitoring leads to inefficient resource use and does not provide sufficient risk reduction. To overcome this contradiction, a multiparametric model is proposed, incorporating residual damage, costs of recycling and monitoring, as well as potential profits from waste utilization. The scientific novelty lies in formalizing the relationship between the share of recycled waste, the level of monitoring coverage, and resource constraints, which makes it possible to move from a fragmented approach to an integrated risk-oriented management system. The model provides a methodological basis for justifying recycling and monitoring strategies, as well as for developing practical solutions aimed at minimizing overall damage. As an example of model application, strategies for oil sludge treatment at industrial facilities are considered, which made it possible to demonstrate the feasibility of determining the optimal recycling share that ensures a balance between costs and residual damage reduction.