THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF EMERGENCY RISK MANAGEMENT, JUSTIFICATION OF CRITERIA AND SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE RISK LEVELS

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theory and methodology of emergency risk management in the Russian Federation, with an emphasis on substantiating criteria and socially acceptable risk levels. The aim of the study is to advance scientific understanding of a risk-based approach to safety and security and to develop methodological foundations for aligning quantitative risk assessment with social and managerial criteria for its acceptability. The research methods utilized include systemic and structural-functional analysis, comparative legal and formal-logical methods, analysis of statistical data on emergency situations, and a summary of domestic and international scientific literature. The study explores the evolution of risk management approaches from response to prevention, describes the role of individual, collective, and territorial risk indicators in public administration practices, and identifies the limitations of applying universal risk thresholds given the territorial and social heterogeneity of the Russian Federation. It concludes that the scientific novelty of this study lies in the integration of engineering-based probabilistic risk assessment with socioeconomic and institutional criteria for risk acceptability, which improves the validity and transparency of management decisions in emergency prevention. The results obtained can be used in the development of territorial security programs, risk passports, and risk-based planning methods.